观察行为(1/5)

Observing Behaviors. Good morning, everyone. Today we will look at how to observe behavior in research. Perhaps you would say it is easy and there is nothing extraordinary. Yes, you may be right. All of us observe behavior every day. For example, when traveling in another country, we can avoid embarrassment by observing how people behave in that culture. And failing to be observing while walking or driving can be life-threatening. We learn by observing people's behavior. Researchers too rely on their observations to learn about behavior, but there are differences. For instance, when we observe casually, we may not be aware of factors that bias our observations, and, and when we rarely keep formal records of our observations. Instead, we rely on our memory of events. Observations in research on the other hand are made under precisely defined conditions, that is, in a systematic and objective manner, and with careful record keeping. Then how are we going to conduct observations in our research studies, and what do we need to do in order to make a scientific and objective observation?

大家上午好！今天我们将谈谈如何在研究中观察行为。也许你会说这很容易,没有什么特别。是的,你也许是对的。我们所有人每天都在观察行为。例如,在另一个国家旅行时,我们可以通过观察人们在该国的行为举止而行动以避免尴尬。但是一边步行或驾驶一边又在观察是会危及生命的行为。我们在观察人们的行为中学习着。研究人员过于依赖他们的观察以至于无法从行为中获得学习,但那也是有差别的。例如,当我们在走马观花的时候,我们可能无法意识到左右我们观察行为的因素；然而，当我们很少经常记录我们观测到的事物时，我们依赖的是对事件的记忆。另一方面，在研究中的观察是有严格的特定的条件的,也就是说,它是以一个系统的和客观的方式被仔细记录下来的。那么，我们在调查研究中将如何进行观察？我们需要怎么做才能够做到科学和客观的观察?