美国教育体制(2/6)

Each state's legislative body decides how many tax dollars will be given to public colleges and universities. Students in grades 1-12 do not pay tuition. College and university students do pay tuition, but many earn scholarships or receive loans. Much of the control of American public schools lies in the hands of each local school district. Each school district is governed by a school board, a small committee of people elected by the local community or appointed by the local government. The school board sets general policies for the school district and insures that state guidelines are met. Generally, school districts are divided into elementary schools, middle schools and high schools. Elementary schools are composed of students in kindergarten and grades one to six. Many children attend kindergarten when they are five years old. Children begin first grade at age six. Middle school is composed of students in grades six through eight and high school contains grades 9-12.

由每个州的立法机构决定要给公立学院和大学多少税金。一年级至12年级的学生不支付学费。学院和大学的学生支付学费,但许多人可获得奖学金或者贷款。美国公立学校主要受每个地方学区管制。每个学区是由所在区的学校董事会监管。校董事会由当地社区选出或当地政府任命的人员组成的一个小委员会。学校董事会为学区制定一般政策并确保这些准则得到满足。一般来说,学区分为小学、初中和高中。小学包括幼儿园学生和一年级到六年级的学生。许多孩子5岁时进入幼儿园。6岁开始上一年级。中学包括六年级至八年级的学生和高中包括九年级至12年级的学生。