和陌生人说话(3/6)

Social cognition is a dialectical process which involves both grouping particulars into categories based on their similarities, and of distinguishing individuals from their categories based on their differences. Communication with strangers often relies too heavily on categorization or stereotyping. Such stereotypes may be inaccurate, or may not apply to the present individual. To improve communication with strangers we must pay attention to their unique, individual features. Effective communication with strangers requires an increased awareness of our communication behaviors. First, we tend to categorize things automatically, and so we are less aware of doing it. It takes more of our conscious awareness to differentiate particular individuals from their stereotypical categories. Second, much of our daily communication follows familiar scripts, and so we are not consciously aware of that communication behavior. We cannot rely on such familiar scripts and norms when communicating with a stranger. Our communication will be improved if we recognize that familiar scripts do not apply, and seek to modify our communication behaviors accordingly. Finally, we need to talk about some ways to reduce people's uncertainty and anxiety during their communication with strangers. Generally, in communication, we seek to reduce uncertainty.

社会认知是一个涉及以两个分组的细节相似点为基础进行分类并根据其差异性相互区分开来的辩证过程。与陌生人沟通往往过分依赖于分门别类或刻板印象。这样的刻板形象可能是不准确的,或者可能不适用于眼前人。为了加强与陌生人交流，我们必须注意他们的独特的个体特性。与陌生人有效的沟通需要更清楚地认识我们的沟通行为。首先,我们倾向于自动分门别类,而且我们自己也几乎意识不到。我们需要多加有意识从他们的老套的分门别类来区分特定个人。第二,我们的大部分日常沟通遵循熟悉的脚本,所以我们无法清醒地意识到沟通行为。在与陌生人交流时，我们不能依赖这些熟悉的脚本和规范。如果我们认识到熟悉的脚本不适用,并寻求修改了相应的沟通行为，那么我们的沟通将会得到改善。最后,我们需要谈论一些在与陌生人交流时减少人们的不确定性和焦虑的方法。一般来说, 我们在沟通中往往设法减少不确定性。