英国民族20

Naturally then, the monastery became a fortress and the Cross was taken to London along with Llewellyn's crown. The lords call themselves Princes of Wales. Fine. From 1301, they will be the most English of the English, the first son of the King, the heir to the throne, the emperor in waiting. But the most titanic of all the visible signs of the English empire were its castles, a granite ring of fortresses stretching from Builth to Hope, most of them supplied from the sea, depriving the Welsh of any hope of liberation. For the Welsh of Snowdonia, the great stone fortresses in their midst were what one of them called "the magnificent badges of our subjection."

但随后，修道院变成了堡垒，而十字架则被送往伦敦，一同被带走的还有卢埃林的皇冠，领主自封为威尔士王子，那么好吧。从1301年起该称号，由最纯正的英格兰人继承，即国王的长子，王位的继承人，未来的君主，英格兰统治的最显著标志，是他们的城堡。花岗岩堡垒从比尔斯蜿蜒到霍普高地，格温内思，哈勒赫，霍普高地，比尔斯，大部分城堡从海上获得补给，粉碎了威尔士人获得解放的希望。对斯诺登地区的威尔士人来说，这些坚石造就的巨大堡垒，正如其中一座的称号一样，"象征征服的壮丽徽章"。