歌词
From VOA Learning English,
从VOA学习英语开始，
this is the Technology Report.
这是技术报告。
The U.S. Supreme Court recently ruled that businesses cannot
美国最高法院最近裁定企业不能
control the rights to human genes in their natural state.
控制人类处于自然状态的基因的权利。
Patients' rights groups are calling the decision a victory.
患者权利团体称此决定为胜利。
The court, however, left room to protect the patent ownership rights
但是，法院为保护专利所有权留有余地
on some other important biotechnology applications.
在其他一些重要的生物技术应用上。
The court's decision was in a case involving
法院的判决是在涉及
the biotechnology company Myriad Genetics.
生物技术公司Myriad Genetics。
The company had identified human genes
该公司已经鉴定出人类基因
that increase a woman's risk for breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
会增加女性患乳腺癌和卵巢癌的风险。
The company applied for and was given exclusive rights
公司申请并获得专有权
over the use of those genes.
这些基因的使用。
Attorney Sandra Park works with the American Civil Liberties Union.
桑德拉·帕克（Sandra Park）律师与美国公民自由联盟合作。
She says the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
她说美国专利商标局
has been allowing patents on some DNA for 30 years.
30年来，DNA一直在授予专利。
"What was problematic about these patents was that Myriad
“这些专利的问题在于，Myriad
was able to use those patents to stop other laboratories
能够使用这些专利来阻止其他实验室
from providing genetic testing,
从提供基因检测，
even when those other laboratories were using different methods."
即使其他实验室正在使用不同的方法。”
Miss Park says that means that genetic testing
朴小姐说这意味着基因检测
for increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer
增加乳腺癌和卵巢癌的风险
cost more because of the lack of competition.
由于缺乏竞争而花费更多。
And she says the gene patent prevented patients
她说基因专利阻止了患者
from getting a second medical opinion based on some other test.
从基于其他测试的第二医学意见中
But the Supreme Court has now rejected this type of patent,
但是最高法院现在拒绝了这种专利，
all nine justices agreed that because genes are products of nature,
所有九位大法官都认为，由于基因是自然的产物，
they can not be owned by one business.
它们不能由一家公司拥有。
Lisbeth Ceriani helped bring the case against Myriad.
Lisbeth Ceriani协助对Myriad提起诉讼。
She is a breast cancer survivor who struggled to pay for Myriad's test.
她是一名乳腺癌幸存者，她努力为Myriad的检查付费。
"Our genes are not being held hostage by a private corporation anymore.
“我们的基因不再被私人公司作为人质。
We have the right to know that our doctor
我们有权知道我们的医生
can look at our own genes to see what information is there."
可以看看我们自己的基因，看看那里有什么信息。”
Health activists say the ruling will lower costs
健康维权人士表示，该裁决将降低成本
and improve testing for breast and ovarian cancer,
并改善对乳腺癌和卵巢癌的检测，
and other conditions for which companies have gene patents.
以及公司拥有基因专利的其他条件。
Myriad Genetics also created man made versions of the genes
无数遗传学也创造了基因的人造版本
and patented those, too.
并为其申请了专利。
These versions are called complimentary DNA or cDNA.
这些版本称为互补DNA或cDNA。
For example, cDNA is used to make insulin to treat people with diabetes.
例如，cDNA用于制造胰岛素来治疗糖尿病患者。
The Supreme Court said patents on such man made genes
最高法院称有关此类人造基因的专利
are permitted because cDNA does not exist in nature.
因为cDNA在自然界中不存在，所以被允许使用。
Jennifer Swize is a lawyer for Myriad Genetics.
Jennifer Swize是Myriad Genetics的律师。
"To Myriad, the decision is a win. For all practical purposes,
“对于Myriad来说，这个决定是一个胜利。出于所有实际目的，
companies like Myriad use the cDNA claims to do their testing."
像Myriad这样的公司使用cDNA声明进行测试。”
Myriad's stock price grows after the Supreme Court gave its ruling on June, 13th,
在最高法院于6月13日作出裁决后，Myriad的股价上涨，
this suggested that investors saw the decision
这表明投资者看到了决定
as a good one for the biotechnology industry.
作为生物技术行业的好选择。
And that's the Technology Report from VOA Learning English,
这就是VOA学习英语的技术报告，
written by Onka Dekker.
由Onka Dekker撰写。
专辑信息